By Sulav Sharan K.C., GIA Gemologist, Rashova
The Kohinoor diamond is not just a gem; it’s a story of power, legacy, and intrigue. Revered as one of the most famous diamonds in history, the Kohinoor has adorned the crowns of kings and queens, survived turbulent wars, and captured the imagination of millions. But what makes this diamond so legendary? Let’s explore its rich history, exceptional characteristics, and the controversies that continue to surround it.
The Origins of the Kohinoor
The Kohinoor, whose name means “Mountain of Light” in Persian, is believed to have been discovered in the Golconda mines of India, some of the earliest diamond mines in the world. Historical records suggest it first appeared in the 13th century, though its origins remain shrouded in mystery.
In its early days, the diamond was said to weigh an astounding 793 carats in its uncut form, showcasing the raw splendor of natural diamonds. It was prized not only for its size but also for its legendary association with divine power. Many rulers believed that the Kohinoor granted invincibility and supreme sovereignty to its possessor—but only if they were male. Women, it was said, could wear it without consequence, while men risked doom if they weren’t of royal lineage.
A Journey Through Empires
The Kohinoor’s history is a tale of conquest and possession. It changed hands numerous times, often as spoils of war:
1. The Kakatiya Dynasty: The Kohinoor is believed to have first come into prominence under the rule of the Kakatiya dynasty in southern India.
2. The Delhi Sultanate: In 1310, Alauddin Khalji, a ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, seized the diamond during his conquest of the Deccan.
3. The Mughal Empire: The Kohinoor reached the height of its fame during the Mughal era. It was part of the Peacock Throne, an opulent seat commissioned by Emperor Shah Jahan, who also built the Taj Mahal. The Mughals treasured the Kohinoor for its immense size and beauty, and it became a symbol of their unassailable power.
4. Persian and Afghan Control: In 1739, Persian ruler Nader Shah invaded India and took the Kohinoor, along with the Peacock Throne, back to Persia. Legend has it that Nader Shah exclaimed “KohiNoor!” upon seeing the diamond, giving it the name we know today.
After Nader Shah’s assassination, the diamond passed into the hands of Afghan rulers before making its way to the Sikh Empire under Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
The British Acquisition
The Kohinoor’s journey to the West is one of its most controversial chapters. Following the annexation of Punjab in 1849, the British East India Company took possession of the diamond. Maharaja Duleep Singh, the last Sikh ruler, was forced to hand it over to Queen Victoria as part of the Treaty of Lahore.
Once in Britain, the Kohinoor underwent significant changes. It was recut and polished to enhance its brilliance, reducing its weight from 186 carats to its current 105.6 carats. While this enhanced its sparkle, many argue that it diminished the diamond’s historical significance and natural grandeur.
The Kohinoor became part of the British Crown Jewels, mounted in the crowns of Queen Alexandra, Queen Mary, and most recently, Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother. Today, it is displayed in the Tower of London, drawing millions of visitors every year.
A Diamond of Unparalleled Beauty
What makes the Kohinoor exceptional is not just its size but also its unique characteristics. As a Type IIa diamond, it is one of the rarest diamonds in the world, known for its exceptional transparency and purity. Type IIa diamonds contain no nitrogen, giving them a near flawless appearance.
The Kohinoor’s cut is an antique cushion shape, and despite being recut to enhance its brilliance, it retains a timeless elegance. Its dazzling appearance is a testament to the natural beauty of diamonds formed deep within the Earth billions of years ago.
The Controversies Surrounding the Kohinoor
The Kohinoor is no stranger to disputes and debates. Several countries, including India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran, have laid claim to the diamond, each arguing that it rightfully belongs to them due to their historical connections to it.
India, in particular, has made numerous requests for its return, viewing the diamond as a symbol of colonial exploitation. The British government, however, has consistently rejected these claims, stating that the diamond was acquired legally under the terms of the Treaty of Lahore.
The controversy intensified in 2022 when Queen Elizabeth II passed away, leading to renewed calls for the Kohinoor’s repatriation. Many argue that returning the diamond would be a step toward acknowledging and rectifying the injustices of colonialism.
The Kohinoor and Rashova’s Perspective
As a GIA gemologist and founder of Rashova, a brand that celebrates craftsmanship and heritage, I find the story of the Kohinoor deeply inspiring. While the diamond itself is unique, its true value lies in the legacy it carries—a legacy of art, culture, and history.
At Rashova, we believe every piece of jewelry has a story to tell, much like the Kohinoor. Whether it’s a bespoke engagement ring or a timeless solitaire, our goal is to create designs that resonate with our clients’ personal journeys and traditions.
The Future of the Kohinoor
What does the future hold for the Kohinoor? Will it remain in the Tower of London, or will it one-day return to its land of origin? While these questions remain unanswered, one thing is certain: The Kohinoor’s story will continue to captivate and inspire generations to come.
For me, the Kohinoor is more than just a diamond; it’s a reminder of the enduring allure of gemstones and the power they hold to connect us to our past. As gemologists and jewelers, we have the privilege of working with these treasures, preserving their beauty and sharing their stories with the world.
The Kohinoor’s legacy reminds us that diamonds are more than just stones; they are witnesses to history. At Rashova, we strive to honor this legacy by creating jewelry that stands the test of time—pieces that are not only beautiful but also meaningful.
If the story of the Kohinoor has taught us anything, it’s that a diamond’s true brilliance lies in the stories it carries. Let’s continue to create and cherish those stories, one gem at a time.
by Sulav Sharan K.C. GIA graduate gemologist and the founder of Rashova, a brand that blends craftsmanship, innovation, and heritage to create timeless jewelry. Follow Rashova for more insights into the fascinating world of diamonds and gemstones.
